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Saturday 21 September 2013

Allama Muhammad Iqbal

Allama Iqbal
Allama Iqbal [1877-1938]


Allama Iqbal, great poet-philosopher and active political leader, was born at Sialkot, Punjab, in 1877.

He descended from a family of Kashmiri Brahmins, who had embraced Islam about 300 years earlier.
Iqbal received his early education in the traditional maktab.

Later he joined the Sialkot Mission School, from where he passed his matriculation examination. In 1897, he obtained his Bachelor of Arts Degree from Government College, Lahore. Two years later, he secured his Masters Degree and was appointed in the Oriental College, Lahore, as a lecturer of history, philosophy and English.

He later proceeded to Europe for higher studies. Having obtained a degree at Cambridge, he secured his doctorate at Munich and finally qualified as a barrister.

He returned to India in 1908. Besides teaching and practicing law, Iqbal continued to write poetry. He resigned from government service in 1911 and took up the task of propagating individual thinking among the Muslims through his poetry.

By 1928, his reputation as a great Muslim philosopher was solidly established and he was invited to deliver lectures at Hyderabad, Aligarh and Madras. These series of lectures were later published as a book "The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam".

In 1930, Iqbal was invited to preside over the open session of the Muslim League at Allahabad. In his historic Allahabad Address, Iqbal visualized an independent and sovereign state for the Muslims of North-Western India. In 1932, Iqbal came to England as a Muslim delegate to the Third Round Table Conference.

In later years, when the Quaid had left India and was residing in England, Allama Iqbal wrote to him conveying to him his personal views on political problems and state of affairs of the Indian Muslims, and also persuading him to come back. These letters are dated from June 1936 to November 1937. This series of correspondence is now a part of important historic documents concerning Pakistan's struggle for freedom.

On April 21, 1938, the great Muslim poet-philosopher and champion of the Muslim cause, passed away. He lies buried next to the Badshahi Mosque in Lahore.

Famous Surname

Famous Surname
Bengal’s Sorrow
Damodar River

Blue Mountains
Nilgiri Hills

City of Sky-scrapers
New York

City of Seven Hills
Rome

City of Dreaming Spires
Oxford

City of  palaces
Kolkata

City of Golden Gate
San Francisco

City of Magnificent Buildings
Washington D.C.

City of Eternal Springs
Quito(S.America)

China’s Sorrow
Hwang Ho

Cockpit of Europe
Belgium

Dark continent
Africa

Emerald Isle
Ireland

Eternal City
Rome

Empire City
New York

Forbidden City
Lhasa (Tibet)

Garden City
Chicago

Gate of Tears
Strait of Bab-el Mandeb

Gateway  of India
Mumbai

Gift of the Nile
Eqypt

Granite City
Aberdeen (Scotland)

Hermit Kingdom
Korea

Herring Pond
Atlantic Ocean

Holy Land
Jerusalem

Island Continent
Australia

Island of Cloves
Zanzibar

Isle of Pearls
Bahrein (Peesian Gulf)

Key of the Mediterranean
Gibralter

Land of Cakes
Scotland

Land of Golden Fleece
Australia

Land of Maple Leaf
Canada

Land of Midnight Sun
Norway

Land of the Thousand Lakes
Finland

Land of the Thunderbolt
Bhutan

Land of white Elephant
Thailand

Land of Five Rivers
Punjab

Land of Thousand Elephants
Laos

Land of Rising Sun
Japan

Loneliest Island
Tristan De Gunha (Mid-Atlantic)

Manchester of Japan
Osaka

Pillars of Hercules
Strait of Gibraltar

Pearl of the Antilles
Cuba

play ground of Europe
Switzerland

Quaker City
Philadelphia

Queen of the Adriatic
Venice

Roof of the World
The Pamirs, Central  Asia


Rose Pink City
Jaipur

Sugar bowl of the World
Cuba

Venice of the North
Stockholm

Windy City
Chicago

Whirteman’s grave
Guinea Coast of Africa

Yellow River

Huang Ho (China

World Famous Battles

Battle of Marathon
490 BC
Athenians and Persians. King Darius of Persia defeated.

Battle of Thermoplaye
480 BC
Spartans led by Leonidas and Persians led by Xerexes. Greeks defeated.

Battle of Salamis
480 BC
Athenian fleet and Persian fleet in bay of Salamis; Persian fleet defeated.

Battle of Platae
479 BC
Greek and Persians forces defeated.

Battle of Mycale
479 BC
Greek and Persian fleets; Persian fleet defeated.

Spartan War I (Peloponesian War)
459 BC
Sparta and Athens, lasted for 30 years.

Spartan War II
431 BC-421
Sparta and Athens; Spartans victorious.

Battle of Arabia
331 BC
Greek and Persian forces; Greeks victorious.

Battle of Magnesia
190 BC
Syrian and Roman forces; Syrian forces defeated (North-west Lydia).

Battle of Pharasalus
48 AD
Caesar defeated Pompey.

Battle of Hastings
1066
William, the Duck of Normandy defeated Harold, the king of England. England came under the control of Normans.

Hundred- year War
1338- 
1453
Fought between France and England . 
The cause of the war was the succession was claimed to the throne of France which was claimed by Edward III of England. The war was resume by Henry V and was brought to an end by the Heroism of Joan of Arc – ‘A country girl who overthrew the power of England ‘. John of Arc was burnt alive at the stakes in 1431.

War of the Roses
1455- 
1485
Civil War in England; The Cause of the 
War was a struggle for the throne o England between the two royal houses of Lancaster and York.

Anglo-Spanish War 
(Spanish armada War)
1588
Spanish and England fleets fought in the England Channel; The English fleet under lord Howard Defeated of the Spanish Armada.

Battle of 
Gibraltar Way
1607
The Dutch defeated the Spanish and Portuguese.

Thirty-year War
1618- 
1648
Stated as religious-cum-political war 
Between the Lutherans and Catholics in
Germany and developed into an international war.

Civil War in England
1642- 
1649
Between Cavaliers (King Charles I supporters)and forces of Parliament led by Oliver Cromwell, king Charles I executed .

Battle of Blenheim
1704
England and Austria headed by Marlborough defended France and Russia.

War of Austrian 
Succession
1740- 
1748
Queen of Austria, Maria Theresa 
(daughter of Charles VII ) was Challenged by king Frederick II of Prussia. England Supported the Queen and Frederick II was helped by France. Ended with a Treaty Which recognized the Queen’s right to the throne after the death of king Frederick.

Seven -Year War 
(Anglo-French War III)
1756- 
1763
Britain and France against Austria and 
Prussia; the British alliance won.

Battle of the Nile
1798
British and French fleets, Britain victorious.

Battle of Trafolgar
1805
British fleet defeated fleets of France and Spain. British fleets were commanded by Admiral Nelson, who was killed during the Battle.

Battle of Austerliz
1805
Britain , Austria ,Russia and Prussia .On side and France on the other. Napoleon (France) defeated Austria and Russia.

Battle of Borodino
1812
Between France and Russia. Napolean invaded Russia at Borodino, and nearly defeated the Russians. However on reaching Moscow, his army suffered heavy losses and was forced to retreat. Napolean’s ill-fated attack on Russia market the beginning of the downfall of the French Empire.

Battle of Leipzing
1813
Germany and combined force of Austria, Prussia and Russia, Defeated Napolean.

Battle of Waterloo
1815
British forces and by Duke of Wellington (sir Arthur Wellesly) defeated French forces led by Napolean. Napolean was Captured and exiled to St. Helena where he died in 1821.

First Opium War
1840
China and Britain; Chinese yielded opium. It was a trade war.

Crimean War
1854- 
1856
The Combined forces of the British, 
French and Turks defeated Russia.

American Civil War
1861- 
1865
Northern states of America under 
Abraham Lincon defeated the Southern states and abolished the slavery.

Sino- Japanese War
1894- 
1895
Japan Defeated China and occupied 
Formosa and Korea.

Battle of Omdurman
1898
The British and Egyptian forces defeated 
The forces of Khalifa (Mehdits).

Bear War
1899- 
1901
The revolt of Transvaal Boers was 
Suppressed by the British forces. Boers belonged to Dutch Protestant stock who opposed Britishers because of abolition of slavery by Britain.

Russo- Japanese War 
(Battle of Port Arthur& Battle of Yalu)
1904- 
1905
Russia and Japan in the sea of Japan. 
Russia defeated; It led the wave of the idea of Asian Resurgence.

Balkan War I
1912
Turkey and Balkan countries (Montenegro, Serbia, Bulgaria and Greece), Turkey defeated.

Balkan War II
1913
Invasion of Serbia and Greece by Bulgaria. Bulgaria was Defeated by Combined forces of Serbia, Greece. Rumania, Montengro who stripped Turkey of most of its European territories.

world War I
1914- 
1918
Central Power (Germany and its allies) 
Against the Allied Power (Britain and its allies); Central power were deeated. Famous Battles : (1). First battle of Marne (1914)- France defeated Germany.
(2). Battle o Jutland(1916)- Naval battle between England and Germany. England defeated Germany. (3). Battle of Verdun (1916)- Fought between France & Germany . (4). Second battle of Marne(1918) – France defeated Germany.

World War II
1939- 
1945
Axis Powers (Germany and its allies) 
Against the Allied Power (Britain and its allies); Axis Power were defeated. Famous Battle: Battle of EI Alamein (1942)-The Allies victory during the World War II and retreat of General Rommel’s forcesBattle of Marathon
490 BC
Athenians and Persians. King Darius of Persia defeated.

Battle of Thermoplaye
480 BC
Spartans led by Leonidas and Persians led by Xerexes. Greeks defeated.

Battle of Salamis
480 BC
Athenian fleet and Persian fleet in bay of Salamis; Persian fleet defeated.

Battle of Platae
479 BC
Greek and Persians forces defeated.

Battle of Mycale
479 BC
Greek and Persian fleets; Persian fleet defeated.

Spartan War I (Peloponesian War)
459 BC
Sparta and Athens, lasted for 30 years.

Spartan War II
431 BC-421
Sparta and Athens; Spartans victorious.

Battle of Arabia
331 BC
Greek and Persian forces; Greeks victorious.

Battle of Magnesia
190 BC
Syrian and Roman forces; Syrian forces defeated (North-west Lydia).

Battle of Pharasalus
48 AD
Caesar defeated Pompey.

Battle of Hastings
1066
William, the Duck of Normandy defeated Harold, the king of England. England came under the control of Normans.

Hundred- year War
1338- 
1453
Fought between France and England . 
The cause of the war was the succession was claimed to the throne of France which was claimed by Edward III of England. The war was resume by Henry V and was brought to an end by the Heroism of Joan of Arc – ‘A country girl who overthrew the power of England ‘. John of Arc was burnt alive at the stakes in 1431.

War of the Roses
1455- 
1485
Civil War in England; The Cause of the 
War was a struggle for the throne o England between the two royal houses of Lancaster and York.

Anglo-Spanish War 
(Spanish armada War)
1588
Spanish and England fleets fought in the England Channel; The English fleet under lord Howard Defeated of the Spanish Armada.

Battle of 
Gibraltar Way
1607
The Dutch defeated the Spanish and Portuguese.

Thirty-year War
1618- 
1648
Stated as religious-cum-political war 
Between the Lutherans and Catholics in
Germany and developed into an international war.

Civil War in England
1642- 
1649
Between Cavaliers (King Charles I supporters)and forces of Parliament led by Oliver Cromwell, king Charles I executed .

Battle of Blenheim
1704
England and Austria headed by Marlborough defended France and Russia.

War of Austrian 
Succession
1740- 
1748
Queen of Austria, Maria Theresa 
(daughter of Charles VII ) was Challenged by king Frederick II of Prussia. England Supported the Queen and Frederick II was helped by France. Ended with a Treaty Which recognized the Queen’s right to the throne after the death of king Frederick.

Seven -Year War 
(Anglo-French War III)
1756- 
1763
Britain and France against Austria and 
Prussia; the British alliance won.

Battle of the Nile
1798
British and French fleets, Britain victorious.

Battle of Trafolgar
1805
British fleet defeated fleets of France and Spain. British fleets were commanded by Admiral Nelson, who was killed during the Battle.

Battle of Austerliz
1805
Britain , Austria ,Russia and Prussia .On side and France on the other. Napoleon (France) defeated Austria and Russia.

Battle of Borodino
1812
Between France and Russia. Napolean invaded Russia at Borodino, and nearly defeated the Russians. However on reaching Moscow, his army suffered heavy losses and was forced to retreat. Napolean’s ill-fated attack on Russia market the beginning of the downfall of the French Empire.

Battle of Leipzing
1813
Germany and combined force of Austria, Prussia and Russia, Defeated Napolean.

Battle of Waterloo
1815
British forces and by Duke of Wellington (sir Arthur Wellesly) defeated French forces led by Napolean. Napolean was Captured and exiled to St. Helena where he died in 1821.

First Opium War
1840
China and Britain; Chinese yielded opium. It was a trade war.

Crimean War
1854- 
1856
The Combined forces of the British, 
French and Turks defeated Russia.

American Civil War
1861- 
1865
Northern states of America under 
Abraham Lincon defeated the Southern states and abolished the slavery.

Sino- Japanese War
1894- 
1895
Japan Defeated China and occupied 
Formosa and Korea.

Battle of Omdurman
1898
The British and Egyptian forces defeated 
The forces of Khalifa (Mehdits).

Bear War
1899- 
1901
The revolt of Transvaal Boers was 
Suppressed by the British forces. Boers belonged to Dutch Protestant stock who opposed Britishers because of abolition of slavery by Britain.

Russo- Japanese War 
(Battle of Port Arthur& Battle of Yalu)
1904- 
1905
Russia and Japan in the sea of Japan. 
Russia defeated; It led the wave of the idea of Asian Resurgence.

Balkan War I
1912
Turkey and Balkan countries (Montenegro, Serbia, Bulgaria and Greece), Turkey defeated.

Balkan War II
1913
Invasion of Serbia and Greece by Bulgaria. Bulgaria was Defeated by Combined forces of Serbia, Greece. Rumania, Montengro who stripped Turkey of most of its European territories.

world War I
1914- 
1918
Central Power (Germany and its allies) 
Against the Allied Power (Britain and its allies); Central power were deeated. Famous Battles : (1). First battle of Marne (1914)- France defeated Germany.
(2). Battle o Jutland(1916)- Naval battle between England and Germany. England defeated Germany. (3). Battle of Verdun (1916)- Fought between France & Germany . (4). Second battle of Marne(1918) – France defeated Germany.

World War II
1939- 
1945
Axis Powers (Germany and its allies) 
Against the Allied Power (Britain and its allies); Axis Power were defeated. Famous Battle: Battle of EI Alamein (1942)-The Allies victory during the World War II and retreat of General Rommel’s forces

MILITARY AWARDS


HIGHEST MILITARY AWARDS



Britain
Victoria Cross
Pakistan
Nishan-i-Haider
Germany
Iron Cross
Russia
Order of the Patriotic War
India
Pardam Vir Chakra
USA
Victory Medal
Japan
Order of the Rising Sun
Denmark
The Order of the Elephant

CURRENT G.K

1. Tapaimukh Dam issue is between India & Bangladesh.
2. Foreign Minister of Bangladesh is Dipu Moni.
3. PM of Bangladesh Shaikh Haseena of Awami League elected in December, 29,2008.
4. Mongolia has world's 6% of Uranium reserves.
5. The Bofors case led to Congress defeat in 1989 Lok Sabha polls. Ottavio Quattrocchi, an Italian businessman, took bribes to sale Bofors howitzers to India in 1986.
6. Mao movement is connected with Naxalites.
7. Black Widow is a rebellious gang in Assam.
8. US intends to deploy US interceptor Missiles in Poland and radar in Czech Republic to protect Europe from Iranian missiles.
9. Chancellor of Germany Angela Merkel belongs to conservative party.
10. OECD has 30 members and does ot include China.
11. US special representative for Pakistan and Afghanistan is Richard Halbroke.
12. Senator John Kerry and Richard Lugar put forward Kerry-Lugar Bill.
13. G-20 Summit was held at Pittsburg, USA in Sep: 2009.
14. David Lawrance Convention Centre arranges G-20 Summit.
15. ISRO is Indian Space Research Organisation.
16. President of Mongolia is Tsakhiagin Elbegdorj.
17. Director General of Int. Atomic Energy Agency is Mohammad Alberadi.
18. US Open 2009 won by Kim Clisjsters of Belgium and Juan Martin del Porto won men's singles titles.
19. UEFA president is Michel Platni.
20. Dal Lake is in occupied Kashmir.
21. Shoe thrower on Bush Muntazer al Zaidi worked for Al-Baghdadi newspaper, Egypt.
22. President of France is Nicolas Sarkozy.
23. Mother Tressa belonged to Albania and came to India in 1951. She died on Sep:5, 19997 and is burried at Kolkata.
24. Sachin Tendulkar completed 16000 runs in ODIs.
25. President of Russia is Dimitri Medwedev. PM is Viladamir Putin.
26. World Bank president is Robert Zoellic.
27. US Secretary of State is Hillary Rodham Clinton.
28. Head of WTO is Pascal Lamy.
29. Garden of Five Senses is in Delhi.
30. Obama is US's 44th President.
31. Danny Boyle is the director of Slum Dog Millionaire.
32. President of Chechnia is Ramzan A. Kadyrov.
33. Shasha Obama (younger) and Malia Obama (elder) are two daughters of Barak Obama.
34. Ahmadinejad defeated Mir Hussain Moussavi in his re-election.
35. Honduran President Manuel Zelaya was ousted in a military coup. He was deported to Costa Rica.Online life assurance quotes with a CPC of $53.32

36. Brazil beats US in Confederation Cup.Get auto insurance online with a CPC of $52.72
37. Iceland swears its first female PM Johanna Sigurdard Ottir.
38. Baitullah Mehsud killed on Aug: 5, 2009.
39. Serena Williams and Roger Federer are Wimbeldon winners this year.
40. ICJ issued arrest warrants for Sudanese President Omar Hassan Ahmad Al-Bashir.
41. President of North Korea is Kim Jong-il.Cheap life insurance quote with a CPC of $52.63
42. Jacob Zuma won elections in South Africa.
43. Abdullah Abdullah contested elections against Hamid Karzai.
44. Chinese President is Hu Jintao.Tax attorneys Los Angeles with a CPC of $52.76
45. Mother-in-Law of Obama is Marian Robinson.
46. President of Bangladesh is Zillur Rahman.
47. Governor State Bank of Pakistan is Syed Salim Raza.
48. Pakistan Ambassador to UN is Abdullah Hussain Haroon.
49. President of Sri Lanka is Mahinda Percy Rajapaksa and PM is Ratnasiri Wickremanyake.
50. President of India is Prathiba Patel, Interior Minister is Palaniappan Chidambaram.
51. Michael Jackson died on 25th June, 2009 at the age of 50.
52. LTTE chief Prabhakaran killed on 18th May, 2009.
53. Titanic Museum opened in UK on 31st March, 2009.
54. The Internaitiona Airport of Washington DC is known as Dulles International Airport.
55. Michael Sleiman has taken over as the President of Lebanon.
56. 5th World Water Forum concluded in Istanbul on 22nd March, 2009.
57. China celebrated its 60th Aniversary on 1st Oct: 2009.
58. India will hold the Common Wealth Games in 2010.
59. Jill Baden is the wife of Joe Biden, VP USA.
60. Michelle Obaman is the wife of Barack Obama.
61. CIA director is Leon Panetta.Get auto insurance online with a CPC of $52.72
62. Secretary General of OIC is Ikmalluddin Ihsan Iglo (Turkey).
63. US Ambassador to Iraq is Christopher Hill.
64. Gilgit-Baltistan Empowerment and Self Governance Order 2009 came on Sep:7, 2009. Qamar-uz-Zaman Qaira made governer on 15th Sep: 2009.
65. The book "Jinnah- India, Partition, Independence" is written by Jaswant Singh.
66. The World Athletics Championship was held in Berlin in 2009.
67. Justice Hamid Ali Mirza is the new Chief Election Commission of Pakistan.
68. Arab League Sectary General is Amr Moosa.
69. Commander of ISAF forces in Afghanistan is General Stan Mc Crystal.
70. Operation Rah-e-Nijad conducted in South Waziristan on June 19, 2009.
71. Operation Rah-e-Rast began in Sawat in May 2009.
72. NAM Chairman is President Hussni Mubark of Egypt.
73. ICC chief is Haroon Lorgat of South Africa.
74. First East Timore President is Jose Gusmao.
75. The American Taliban captured in Afghanistan is John Walker Lindh.
76. President of Palestine is Mehmood Abbas.
77. RAW chief is K.C Verma.Accident no win no fee with a CPC of $52.38
78. Foreign Minister of UK is David Miliband.
79. FIFA President is Joseph Sepp Blatter.
80. Prime Minister of Australia is Kavin Rid.
81. US Secretary of Defence is Robert Gates.
82. Secretary General of SAARC is Sheel Kant Sharma.
83. OPEC chief is Abdullah Salem al-Badri.
84. NATO Secretary-General Anders Fogh Rasmussen.
85. Next Olympics will be held in London in 2012.
86. Next Hockey World Cup will be held in India in 2010.
87. Next World Cup of Cricket will be held in India, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh in 2011.
88. Next Football World Cup is to be held in South Africa in 2010.
89. Burj Khalifa — The Tallest Building in the World has 162 stories, 828 meters or 2,717 feet in height and was constructed by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, inaugurated on 4th Jan: 2010.
90. NRO was promulgated on oct 5 2007 and has 7 sections.
91. Baluchistan Package was announced in joint Sitting of Parliment on 24th November.
92. Pakistan lift World T20 Cup, beat Sri Lanka by 8 wkts on 21 June 2009.
93. When kerry lugar bill was passed?Thursday, Sept 24, 2009
94. Luger Bill will provide Pakistan an aid of....1.5 billion dollars annually
95. Timeline of withdrawal of forces from Iraq by Obama...2011 
96. The Way Of The World: A Story Of Truth And Hope In An Age Of Extremism by Ron SuskindTampa DUI lawyers with a CPC of $52.27
97. A book of 2008"A way of hope and extremism...... Ayesha Jalal98.The first negro to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize was Ralph Johnson Bunche
99. Rabindarnath Tagore won first Nobel Prize from South Asia.
100.The first Muslim Nobel Laureate was: Anwar Sadaat of Egypt
101. Nobel Prize holder UN institutions.....UNHCR, UAEA.Public liability insurance online with a CPC of $51.84